The different categories of aid
Today, there are a large number of aids available at local, national and European level to start or take over a business, but also to support the maintenance and development of the activity.
These aids can be grouped into 3 main categories:
1.Tax incentives. These tax incentives encourage French companies to invest in research, innovation and the ecological transition of our economy. First of all, they help reduce the cost of research, by exempting certain personnel costs under the Young Innovative Company (JEI) statute and its variants (JEU, JEIC and JEIR statutes). They also enable us to Fund part of our research, innovation and investment expenditure on green industry, via various tax credits (Crédit Impôt Recherche, Crédit Impôt Collaboration de Recherche, Crédit Impôt Innovation and Crédit Impôt pour l'Industrie Verte). Finally, they help to reduce the cost of valorizing research results, via the reduction in the tax rate made possible by the IP Box scheme.
2. Direct public aid. This category first includes generic aid (i.e. independent of the targeted sector), in the form of grants, recoverable advances and loans, which are offered by Bpifrance in its now-famous financing continuums (the Bourse French Tech and its variations, the Bourse French Tech Lab and Émergence, the innovation grant, R&D and FEI innovation loans as well as seed loans). It also includes calls for projects, which are the operational outlines of major funding programs (France 2030, Horizon Europe, etc.), aimed at providing financial support, mainly in the form of subsidies, repayable advances and equity investments, to companies operating in certain sectors of the future and seeking to meet some of the challenges of our time.
3.Banking leverage. These levers enable companies to benefit from financing without capital dilution. They are generally combined with support (in the form of financing and/or financing guarantees) from Bpifrance, and can be activated mainly as a complement to fund-raising (generally less than 6 months after fund-raising).
Financing programs
In France, we have two types of funding programs, national (e.g. France 2030) and European (e.g. Horizon Europe).
As introduced earlier, these programs provide funding to boost companies and their innovation and R&D projects. Organized around certain key sectors, they aim to respond to the challenges of our time (e.g., the ecological and digital transition).
These programs can also be adapted on a smaller scale via regional initiatives, depending on the specific needs and issues of a given region.